A recent study published in Health Promotion International highlights the escalating harassment, legal actions, and physical threats faced by researchers addressing the harms of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed foods.
Despite these challenges, many advocates remain dedicated to their work.
The study, conducted by researchers from the UK, US, and France, analysed 64 cases of intimidation tactics targeting public health professionals between 2000 and 2022. These included public discreditation, legal threats, and even acts of violence, often designed to undermine regulatory efforts.
“While criticism can be acceptable, it becomes concerning when it evolves into coordinated attempts to discredit valid research and advocacy,” said Karen Evans-Reeves, a tobacco-control researcher at the University of Bath in the UK.
Campaigns of Discreditation
Public discreditation emerged as the most common tactic. Researchers and advocates were labeled “extremists,” “zealots,” and “nicotine Nazis” in media campaigns, advertisements, and social media posts. One tobacco company document detailed a planned campaign in Poland targeting public-health advocates, branding them as “militant extremists” while promoting smoking among youth.
Threats and Violence Escalate
The study also highlighted six cases of physical violence and life-threatening situations in countries such as Nigeria, Colombia, and Nepal.
In one case, a Nigerian tobacco-control campaigner experienced a violent home invasion after criticizing the tobacco industry. The attack resulted in the death of his house guard and brother-in-law.
In Colombia, physician and consumer advocate Esperanza Cerón, who supported a tax on sugary beverages, reported being followed by armed individuals on motorcycles and receiving threatening calls.
Perseverance Amid Danger
Despite the risks, the majority of advocates continue their work. The study noted that only two individuals had stepped back from their roles due to intimidation. “The dominant narrative was of perseverance,” the report stated.
Evans-Reeves recounted her own experiences, including online ridicule, legal threats, and Freedom of Information requests aimed at undermining her research. “It’s incredibly distressing to know that you’re being watched,” she said, emphasizing her commitment to public health.
The researchers hope their findings will raise awareness of the dangers faced by public health professionals and encourage stronger protections for these individuals.
