Health Outcomes: Rise in Hypertension, Depression Amid Nigeria’s Worsening Economic Hardship

Nigeria’s economic hardship induced by multiplier effects of the fuel subsidy removal by President Bola Tinubu is resulting in multiple health outcomes, as the citizens continue to bear the burden. In this special report, Juliet Jacob writes on the consequential outcomes

Devastating Effect of Hardship on the Population

Nigeria’s socioeconomic landscape has deteriorated in recent years, leading to devastating effects on the health of its population. As economic challenges deepen, healthcare outcomes are declining, putting millions of lives at risk and placing an unsustainable burden on the health system. Prices of food items continue to skyrocket across the country.

The World Health Organization (WHO) and healthcare experts report that chronic stress, hypertension, depression, and malnutrition are on the rise, with increasingly severe health complications affecting vulnerable populations across Nigeria.

This report examines the links between Nigeria’s economic hardship and its declining health outcomes, revealing how deteriorating conditions threaten the nation’s future.

The Socioeconomic Determinants of Health

The health of a population is significantly influenced by social determinants, which include economic stability, education, social support networks, and access to healthcare. Nigeria’s ongoing hardship has drastically affected these determinants, resulting in severe health outcomes for many. Studies show that financial insecurity, job loss, and food scarcity have contributed to heightened levels of stress, depression, and anxiety among Nigerians, ultimately increasing the risk of physical health conditions.

Clinicians report that stress-related illnesses, including hypertension and heart disease, have surged. “Over the last four years, we’ve seen a significant increase in the number of hypertensive patients,” stated Dr. Adeyemi, a Lagos-based cardiologist. “The numbers are alarming and reflect the impact of the economic hardship on Nigerians.”

Data on Mental Health and Hypertension

Nigeria’s mental health landscape has also worsened, according to the WHO. Data reveals that depression cases in the country increased from 7 million in 2017 to 6 million in 2023. However, a recent surge saw these numbers skyrocketing to 40 million in 2024, suggesting that economic conditions may be a primary contributing factor. Public health experts note that stress and poverty are major risk factors for both mental and physical health issues. When individuals face prolonged periods of financial stress, their mental and physical health decline, often leading to chronic illnesses.

The Broader Implications of Poor Health Outcomes

Globally, a country’s economic prosperity is evaluated not only by financial wealth but also by health and education indices. Health and education are essential indicators of a nation’s human capital and potential for economic growth. Countries with robust health and education systems are considered economically prosperous, with their populations living longer and healthier lives. Nigeria’s health indicators, however, are moving in the opposite direction.

In 2024, Nigeria expressed interest in joining the G7, a group of the world’s most economically advanced nations. However, inclusion in this elite group requires strong human capital, reflected in education, health, and poverty reduction measures. As President Bola Tinubu recently highlighted, improving the health and socioeconomic conditions of Nigerians is essential for the nation’s development and its aspiration to join global powers. However, poor health outcomes are a barrier, as a sick population hampers economic growth.

Poverty, Health, and Nigeria’s Developmental Stagnation

Nigeria’s escalating health crisis, driven by poverty and economic hardship, is exacerbating other social issues, including homelessness, malnutrition, and low life expectancy. Malnutrition rates are rising as families struggle to afford nutritious food. Healthcare facilities are overwhelmed, with insufficient resources to handle the growing number of patients suffering from stress-related illnesses, high blood pressure, and other preventable diseases. As more people fall into poverty, their access to healthcare becomes limited, fueling a cycle of poor health outcomes.

In contrast, many economically prosperous nations invest heavily in healthcare and education, ensuring that their populations are healthy and capable of contributing to economic growth. For Nigeria to position itself as a developed nation, it must address the basic health needs of its population.

Conclusion: A Call to Action for Nigerian Leadership

Nigeria’s worsening health outcomes require urgent action. Health professionals emphasize that reducing economic hardship through sustainable policies is vital to improving the country’s health indicators. Addressing social determinants of health, including employment, affordable healthcare, and food security, will help reduce stress-related illnesses and improve the overall well-being of Nigerians.

Economic development is not merely a matter of financial prosperity; it requires a healthy, educated population. If Nigeria is to break free from the shackles of underdevelopment and claim its place on the global stage, then addressing the country’s current health crisis must be a top priority.