The security situation in Nigeria has become increasingly precarious, threatening the very fabric of society. Despite efforts from successive governments, the country remains embroiled in various conflicts, from terrorist insurgencies to inter-communal clashes. This feature examines the current state of insecurity in Nigeria, the efforts made to address it, and the progress—or lack thereof—under recent administrations.
Boko Haram and ISWAP Insurgencies Gains and Setbacks
The Nigerian military has made notable strides against Boko Haram, particularly since the death of its leader, Abubakar Shekau, in 2021. However, the group split into factions, with some aligning with the Islamic State’s West Africa Province (ISWAP). Under President Bola Tinubu’s administration, there have been reports of significant surrenders by Boko Haram and ISWAP fighters. Despite these gains, the insurgency persists, expanding into new territories and exploiting Nigeria’s socio-economic vulnerabilities.
Rehabilitation Efforts
Programs like Operation Safe Corridor have seen the rehabilitation of over 893 ex-Boko Haram members since 2019. Despite these initiatives, the group’s ability to launch attacks and control regions, such as the Chad Basin, underscores the persistent challenge.
Banditry and Kidnappings, Escalation of Violence
The north-west region of Nigeria has become the epicenter of banditry, with criminals abducting schoolchildren and raiding villages. In states like Zamfara, over 3,000 people have been killed since 2012. The kidnapping industry is thriving, posing significant threats to education and local economies.
Government Response
Efforts to combat banditry in Nigeria have involved both military and non-military strategies. The Nigerian government has deployed troops to the affected regions and implemented various economic and development programs aimed at reducing poverty and providing alternatives to banditry. Despite these measures, the results have been mixed, and the issue remains unresolved. Some experts advocate for a more comprehensive and multifaceted approach to tackle the root causes of banditry effectively. This could include increased investment in law enforcement and the criminal justice system, promoting economic development, reducing poverty, and prioritising community mobilisation.
